Contributors
!kun contributors
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!nanni was the oldest of four !kun boys that Lloyd interviewed, estimated to be in his late teens. He arrived in Mowbray on the 1st of September 1879. Mr W Coates Palgrave arranged for his placement (along with a younger boy called Tamme) at the Bleek and Lloyd household and it seems he delivered the two youths there himself. !nanni belonged to a group of !kun called the ||no (or ||no o) and their country was situated in an area in the north east of Damaraland (in what is now Namibia) that they called the Kaku i ra (see page 9360v). !nanni’s people were known as |kam-ssin !ku or 'Sun' Bushmen (page 9175v). According to Tamme, !nanni was a ||noo yau Bushman (see page 9898v).
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It is not entirely clear how !nanni came to be parted from his people. On page 9163 of Lloyd’s notebooks it states that !nanni was taken away from his people by the Makoba. A loose insert inside the front cover of notebook XI & XII-2 notes that !nanni's parents were living (whereas Tamme's were killed by the Ovambo) and that 'Erickson at Ohlssons Wiederberg' brought the boys out from Damaraland. !nanni and Tamme were joined on the 25th of March 1880 in Mowbray by two younger boys, |uma and Da. !nanni was able to provide Lucy Lloyd with a number of stories of the !kun in his region, as well as many drawings depicting local fauna and flora and folklore. He was sent back to Damaraland in the care of Mr Eriksson on the 28th March 1882.
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Tamme was the second oldest !kun boy, estimated to be in his mid-teens. He arrived in Mowbray on the 1st of September 1879 with an older lad named !nanni in the company of Mr W Coates Palgrave. Tamme belonged to a group of !kun he called the ||koo yau (see page 9898v) and their country was situated in an area in the north east of Damaraland (in what is now Namibia) they called the Tsaba (see page 9360v of the notebooks).
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Tamme had been taken from his people and ‘given’ to new masters. On pages 9166-9167 and 9216-9221 of the notebooks he tells Lloyd how he was taken from his mother by the Makoba at one of their villages. It appears he was tricked into captivity with an offer of food. At the time his mother had been out of the village collecting food to trade with the Makoba. The Makoba ‘gave’ Tamme to the Ovambo who took Tamme away and eventually ‘gave’ him to white men. Further details of his life from the point of his capture until his arrival in the Cape are not known. A loose insert inside the front cover of notebook XI & XII-2 notes that Tamme's parents were killed by the Ovambo (whereas !nanni’s were still living) and that ‘Erickson at Ohlssons Wiederberg’ brought the boys out from Damaraland. Tamme and !nanni were joined on the 25th of March 1880 in Mowbray by two younger boys, |uma and Da. Tamme was able to provide Lucy Lloyd with many stories and details of custom and belief as well as many drawings depicting local fauna and flora and folklore. He was sent back to Damaraland in the care of Mr Eriksson on the 28th March 1882.
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|uma was one of the two younger !kun boys who arrived in Mowbray on the 25th of March 1880. |uma (and the youngest boy Da) were placed in the Bleek and Lloyd household after permission was granted by the Cape ‘Native Department’. Iuma and his people came from an area in the north east of Damaraland (in what is now Namibia) called |ka saba (see page 10225). According to Tamme (see page 9898v) |uma was a ≠ka'o yau Bushman. Lloyd notes on the reverse of a photograph of |uma (in the collection of the NLSA) that |uma is ‘apparently’ between 12 and 14 years of age.
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Iuma gave a detailed account of his journey from his home (see pages 10225-10252v of the notebooks) He tells that he and his half-brother were taken from their people by the Makoba. After about six months (or ‘moons’, |uma showed Lloyd the number using his fingers) with the Makoba |uma was sold to a Boer (called Krenys) for a gun. After some months with the Boer |uma ran away after being beaten by the man. He attempted to return to his own country but it was too far away. He came upon a game hunter (a Messer Karo) who ‘took’ |uma. |uma met up with Da while with Karo. Karo handed the boys over to another man who in turn took them to Walvis Bay. They were instructed to go to a ship where they would get food. The ship sailed for the Cape with them on board. Upon their arrival in the Cape they met up with various people including a ‘Cape white man’ who took the boys to his house. |uma and Da were later placed with Lloyd in Mowbray.
Iuma left Mowbray on the 12th of December 1881 and was found employment by an official of the ‘Native Department ‘Mr George Stevens. He was not able to contribute much narrative to Lucy Lloyd, and the contributions he did make are limited to some 58 pages of dictation, but he did many drawings and water-colours depicting examples of fauna and flora from his homeland.
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Da was the youngest !kun boy interviewed and arrived in Mowbray on the 25th of March 1880 with an older boy, |uma. The boys were placed in the Bleek and Lloyd household after permission was granted by the Cape ‘Native Department’.
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Da, a ‘Biriko’ Bushman, came from an area in the north east of Damaraland (in what is now Namibia) called ||noma (see notebook page 9401v). Lloyd notes (on the reverse of a photograph in the NLSA collection) that he appears to be about 7 years of age. It is not clear when exactly Da became separated from his people as he was too young to provide a detailed account. According to Da (see pages 10280-10281 of Lloyd’s notebooks) the Makoba came and took him from his country. His parents tried to prevent the Makoba taking him but they were beaten and then killed. The Makoba also ‘put’ Da’s siblings into the water where they died. On page 10 282 Da tells Lloyd that the children were eaten by crocodiles (‘alligators’). On page 10253 Da refers to this incident when he says 'the men' (or the Makoba) 'did not put me into the water'.
The Makoba eventually passed Da along to other masters. Da met up with |uma while in the service of a hunter Messer Karo. After some time travelling with Karo, the hunter handed the boys over to another man who in turn took them to Walvis Bay. There they were instructed to go to a ship where they would get food. The ship sailed for the Cape with them on board. Upon their arrival in the Cape they met up with various people including a ‘Cape white man’ who took the boys to his house. Da and |uma were later placed with Lloyd in Mowbray.
Da was believed by the older boys to belong to a different group of !kun. (On page 9448v of the notebooks !nanni states that Da is a ‘Biriko’ Bushman and says he fears Da as he has a marking between his eyes.) On page 10259v of the notebooks Da tells Lloyd that that his father was marked (or cut) between his eyebrows (presumably in the same way).
Da was not able to contribute much information to Lucy Lloyd (according to !nanni on page 9566v Da was too young to have heard about |xue – an important figure in !kun thought – from his father) and the contributions he did make are limited to 23 pages of dictation, plus 5 pages of vocabulary given along with |uma. Da did make drawings and water-colours for Lloyd, depicting examples of fauna and flora from his homeland. Da left Mowbray and was placed in the care of an official of the ‘Native Department’ Mr George Stevens on the 29th of March 1884.
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